When aluminum metal is made to contact with chlorine gas (Cl₂), a highly exothermic reaction proceeds. This produces aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) powder. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is shown below:
2Al(s) + 3Cl₂(g) → 2AlCl₃(s)
Since it was stated that aluminum is in excess, this means that the amount of AlCl₃ produced will only depend on the amount of Cl₂ gas available. The molar mass of Cl₂ is 70.906 g/mol. Using stoichiometry, we have the following equation:
(21.0 g Cl₂/ 70.906 g/mol Cl₂) x 2 mol AlCl₃/ 2 mol Cl₂ = 0.1974 mol AlCl₃
Thus, we have determined that 0.1974 <span>moles of aluminum chloride can be produced from 21.0 g of chlorine gas. </span>
Knowledge of thermodynamics is required to design any device involving the interchange between heat and work, or the conversion of material to produce heat (combustion). Examples of practical thermodynamic devices: What is thermodynamics? The study of the relationship between work, heat, and energy
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When you bring two objects of different temperature together, energy will always be transferred from the hotter to the cooler object. The objects will exchange thermal energy, until thermal equilibrium<span> is reached, i.e. until their temperatures are equal. We say that </span>heat<span>flows from the hotter to the cooler object. </span><span>Heat is energy on the move.</span> <span>
</span>Units of heat are units of energy. The SI unit of energy is Joule. Other often encountered units of energy are 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 4186 J, 1 cal = 4.186 J, 1 Btu = 1054 J.
Without an external agent doing work, heat will always flow from a hotter to a cooler object. Two objects of different temperature always interact. There are three different ways for heat to flow from one object to another. They are conduction, convection, and radiation.
