Answer:
- GLYCOLYSIS :- Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C₆H₁₂O₆, into pyruvic acid, CH₃COCOOH. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- PRODUCTS :- Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules: Glycolysis, or the aerobic catabolic breakdown of glucose, produces energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate, which itself enters the citric acid cycle to produce more energy.
- INPUT:- Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, occurring in all living cells. Overall, the input for glycolysis is one glucose, two ATP and two NAD+ molecules giving rise to two pyruvate molecules, four ATP and two NADH.
- BREAKDOWN:- During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate
- STAGES:-
- Reaction 1: glucose phosphorylation to glucose 6-phosphate.
- Reaction 2: isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
- Reaction 3: phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
- Reaction 4: cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon fragments.
Explanation:
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If a plant cell had a mutation such that the cyclic electron flow is observed at a much higher rate, which photosystem is most likely mutated such that energy is absorbed at a lower rate?
PSI
PSII
Answer:
PSII
Explanation:
Non-cyclic phosphorylation involves both PSI and PSII. The process starts with the splitting of water and excitation of electrons of the reaction center of PSII upon the absorption of solar energy at the wavelength of 680 nm. Any mutation in PSII would not allow the non-cyclic phosphorylation to occur when only cyclic phosphorylation would occur. The process of cyclic phosphorylation includes only PS I. Its reaction center absorbs maximum light at 700 nm and is cycled back while supporting ATP synthesis. Therefore, if a plant performs cyclic phosphorylation at a higher rate and absorbs less energy, this means that mutation was in PSII.