Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
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Given the characteristics mentioned in the question, the animal must be an annelid.
<h3>What is an annelid?</h3>
Annelids, (Phylum name annelida) segmented worms, characterized by having body cavities (or body coelom), mobile bristles (or setae), and bodies segmented by transverse rings. The body cavity is reduced in leeches, and the bristles are devoid of some specialized morphology, including leeches. An important phylum of invertebrates in the animal kingdom, Annelida, consists of more than 9,000 species divided into three classes: Sea worms (polychaetes) are divided into motile and sedentary or tube-dwelling forms. earthworms (Oligochaeta); and leeches (Hildinea). Annelids are coelomic and tridermal.
General characteristics of annelids are:
- They show organization at the organ system level.
- Your body is segmented.
- They breathe through their body surfaces.
- The kidney is an excretory organ. They have well-developed circulatory and digestive systems.
- Common names for more familiar annelids include earthworms, sandworms, annelids, bristleworms, and leeches.
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