Answer: The present value of the new drug is $19.33 million
We follow these steps to arrive at the answer:
Expected Revenues from the drug in year 1(P) $2 million
Growth Rate (g) 2% p.a.
No. of years (n) 17 years
Discount rate (r) 9% p.a.
Since the revenues are expected to grow at a constant rate of 2% p.a, we can treat this series of cash flows as a <u>growing annuity. </u>
We calculate the Present Value of a growing annuity with the following formula:
![PV = \frac{P}{r-g}*\left [ 1- \left (\frac{1+g}{1+r}\right)^{n}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=PV%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BP%7D%7Br-g%7D%2A%5Cleft%20%5B%201-%20%5Cleft%20%28%5Cfrac%7B1%2Bg%7D%7B1%2Br%7D%5Cright%29%5E%7Bn%7D%5Cright%5D)
Substituting the values we get,
![PV = \frac{2}{0.09-0.02}*\left [ 1- \left (\frac{1+0.02}{1+0.09}\right)^{17}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=PV%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B0.09-0.02%7D%2A%5Cleft%20%5B%201-%20%5Cleft%20%28%5Cfrac%7B1%2B0.02%7D%7B1%2B0.09%7D%5Cright%29%5E%7B17%7D%5Cright%5D)
![PV = \frac{2}{0.07}*\left [1- 0.323558233\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=PV%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B0.07%7D%2A%5Cleft%20%5B1-%200.323558233%5Cright%5D)
When the government cuts taxes to keep the economy's cyclically adjusted budget in balance when the economy is expanding. The government is engaging in "neutral fiscal policy".
<h3>What is neutral fiscal policy?</h3>
When a government choice to tax, spend, or borrow has, or is meant to have, no overall impact on the economy, the action is considered fiscally neutral. Changes in policy can be viewed as neutral in terms of either their macroeconomic, microeconomics, or both effects.
fiscal neutrality occurs when taxes and government spending have no net effect-
- on the overall budget,
- total demand,
- economic activity.
To know more about the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics, here
brainly.com/question/26191496
#SPJ4
Answer: Deficit; higher; a decrease
Explanation:
<em>The term crowding-out effect refers to a situation in which a government </em><em><u>deficit</u></em><em> results in</em><em><u> higher</u></em><em> interest rates, causing </em><em><u>a decrease</u></em><em> in private spending on investment and consumer durables.</em>
The Crowding-out effect is what happens when a Government increases its spending past its revenues and gets a budget deficit. In other to balance its books therefore it will borrow heavily.
If the Government is such a large one like the American Government or the British Government, the borrowing might be so large that it will have the effect of reducing the amount of loanable funds in the market thereby increasing the interest rates due to a reduced supply of loanable funds.
As there are now increased interest rates, it will be more expensive for companies to borrow to spend on investment or for consumers to spend on durables. It will have the effect of <em>crowding out</em> the private sector.
Current output Y = AK^(alfal)L^(1- alfa)
Here A = 100
K= 50,000
L = 100
a ( Alfa) =o.33
Y= 100*(50,000)^0.33*(100)^0.66= 5642.296
Calculus. The analysis is the most common type of mathematics in economics. Calculus uses a variety of formulas to measure limits, functions, and derivatives. Many economists use calculus in measuring economic information.
Mathematics and Economics are complementary fields. Most areas of modern economics make extensive use of mathematics and statistics, and several important areas of mathematical research have been motivated by economic problems.
No. Economics Mathematics is not difficult. Economics is not a particularly difficult undergraduate subject. ...but the most prepared economics majors choose to take mathematics courses at roughly the same level as mathematics majors, and many even choose to double major.
Learn more about Current here;
brainly.com/question/25759088
#SPJ4
Answer: Financial institutions
Explanation: Financial institutions, sometimes referred to as banking institutions works as a intermediary in financial markets. These institutions offers deposit facilities to general public in exchange of interest on such deposits. Then these institutions lend the deposited amounts to those in need for investments and funds and charge interest to them.
Thus, we can conclude that option A is correct.
