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Ivanshal [37]
3 years ago
9

Name the receptors that respond to a stimulus within the body but their location is restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joi

nts, ligaments, and the connective tissue coverings for them, as well as provide information on position and degree of stretch from these structures?
Biology
1 answer:
suter [353]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

proprioceptor

Explanation:

Proprioceptors are the receptor located in a joint, muscle, or tendon. These receptors are concerned with locomotion, posture, and muscle tone. These receptors respond to internal stimuli only and are present in a specific location in the body. For example, the tendon organ is a proprioceptor present in the tendon. The function of the tendon organ is to monitor the muscle tension and to prevent its tearing. These receptors also help smooth start and termination of muscle contraction.

Proprioceptors are the mechanoreceptors that regulate the body’s equilibrium and posture by their role in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone. They sense the position of limbs by detecting the degree of muscle relaxation, the stretch of tendons, and ligament movements.

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It occurs through homologous recombination

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GENERAL RECOMBINATION OR HOMOLOGIST

           Previously we defined its general characteristics. We will now describe a molecular model of this recombination, based on the classic Meselson and Radding, modified with the latest advances. Do not forget that we are facing a model, that is, a hypothetical proposal to explain a set of experimental data. Not all points of this model are fully clarified or demonstrated:

           Suppose we have an exogenote and an endogenote, both consisting of double helices. In recombination models, the exogenote is usually referred to as donor DNA, and the endogenote as recipient DNA.

1) Start of recombination: Homologous recombination begins with an endonucleotide incision in one of the donor double helix chains. Responsible for this process is the nuclease RecBCD (= nuclease V), which acts as follows: it is randomly attached to the donor's DNA, and moves along the double helix until it finds a characteristic sequence called c

Once the sequence is recognized, the RecBCD nuclease cuts to 4-6 bases to the right (3 'side) of the upper chain (as we have written above). Then, this same protein, acting now as a helicase, unrolls the cut chain, causing a zone of single-stranded DNA (c.s. DNA) to move with its 3 ’free end

2) The gap left by the displaced portion of the donor cut chain is filled by reparative DNA synthesis.

3) The displaced single chain zone of the donor DNA is coated by subunits of the RecA protein (at the rate of one RecA monomer per 5-10 bases). Thus, that simple chain adopts an extended helical configuration.

4) Assimilation or synapse: This is the key moment of action of RecA. Somehow, the DNA-bound RecA c.s. The donor facilitates the encounter of the latter with the complementary double helix part of the recipient, so that in principle a triple helix is formed. Then, with the hydrolysis of ATP, RecA facilitates that the donor chain moves to the homologous chain of the receptor, and therefore matches the complementary one of that receptor. In this process, the chain portion of the donor's homologous receptor is displaced, causing the so-called "D-structure".

It is important to highlight that this process promoted by RecA depends on the donor and the recipient having great sequence homology (from 100 to 95%), and that these homology segments are more than 100 bases in length.

Note that this synapse involves the formation of a portion of heteroduplex in the double receptor helix: there is an area where each chain comes from a DNA c.d. different parental (donor and recipient).

5) It is assumed that the newly displaced chain of the recipient DNA (D-structure) is digested by nucleases.

6) Covalent union of the ends originating in the two homologous chains. This results in a simple cross-linking whereby the two double helices are "tied." The resulting global structure is called the Holliday structure or joint.

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b) If the cuts and splices affect the same chains that had already participated in the first cross-linking, the result will consist of two double helices that present only two portions of heteroduplex DNA.

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