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Charge is caused by a flow of electrons, since electrons are around the nucleus they can be lost or gained by atoms. When an atom gets charged, it gains a charge, that is, it gains an electron. Since electrons are negatively charged, when an atom gains one, it also becomes negatively charged.
Answer:
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. ... The lithosphere includes the crust and outer part of the mantle.
Explanation: