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2 years ago

Given a 13-card bridge hand has been dealt from a standard deck of 52 cards, what is the probability of having exactly 6 hearts

Mathematics

1 answer:

frosja888 [35]2 years ago

7 0

$P(6\ hearts)=\frac{13C6\times 39C7}{52C13}=0.0416$

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Evaluate the limit

wel

We are given with a limit and we need to find it's value so let's start !!!!

${\quad \qquad \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2}}{x^{2}-16}}$

But , before starting , let's recall an identity which is the main key to answer this question

${\boxed{\bf{a^{2}-b^{2}=(a+b)(a-b)}}}$

Consider The limit ;

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2}}{x^{2}-16}}$

Now as directly putting the limit will lead to indeterminate form 0/0. So , Rationalizing the numerator i.e multiplying both numerator and denominator by the conjugate of numerator 

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2}}{x^{2}-16}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2}}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}{(x^{2}-4^{2})(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Using the above algebraic identity ;

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x})^{2}-(\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})^{2}}{(x-4)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{x-(3\sqrt{x}-2)}{(x-4)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{x-3\sqrt{x}+2}{\{(\sqrt{x})^{2}-2^{2}\}(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{x-3\sqrt{x}-2}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Now , here we need to eliminate (√x-2) from the denominator somehow , or the limit will again be indeterminate ,so if you think carefully as I thought after seeing the question i.e what if we add 4 and subtract 4 in numerator ? So let's try !

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{x-3\sqrt{x}-2+4-4}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(x-4)+2+4-3\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Now , using the same above identity ;

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)+6-3\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)+3(2-\sqrt{x})}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Now , take minus sign common in numerator from 2nd term , so that we can take (√x-2) common from both terms

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)-3(\sqrt{x}-2)}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Now , take (√x-2) common in numerator ;

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}-2)\{(\sqrt{x}+2)-3\}}{(\sqrt{x}-2)(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Cancelling the radical that makes our limit again and again indeterminate ;

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\cancel{(\sqrt{x}-2)}\{(\sqrt{x}+2)-3\}}{\cancel{(\sqrt{x}-2)}(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}+2-3)}{(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{(\sqrt{x}-1)}{(\sqrt{x}+2)(x+4)(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2})}}$

Now , putting the limit ;

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{\sqrt{4}-1}{(\sqrt{4}+2)(4+4)(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{4}-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{2-1}{(2+2)(4+4)(2+\sqrt{3\times 2-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{1}{(4)(8)(2+\sqrt{6-2})}}$

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{1}{(4)(8)(2+\sqrt{4})}}$

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{1}{(4)(8)(2+2)}}$

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{1}{(4)(8)(4)}}$

${:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{1}{128}}$

${:\implies \quad \bf \therefore \underline{\underline{\displaystyle \bf \lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{3\sqrt{x}-2}}{x^{2}-16}=\dfrac{1}{128}}}}$