1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
ohaa [14]
3 years ago
14

The DNA in a cell's nucleus encodes proteins that are eventually targeted to every membrane and compartment in the cell, as well

as proteins that are targeted for secretion from the cell.
For example, consider these two proteins:
1. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an enzyme that functions in the cytoplasm during
glycolysis.
2. Insulin, a protein that regulates blood sugar levels, is secreted from specialized
pancreatic cells.
Assume that you can track the cellular locations of these two proteins from the time that translation is complete until the proteins reach their final destinations.
For each protein, identify its targeting pathway: the sequence of cellular locations in which the protein is found from when translation is complete until it reaches its final (functional) destination. (Note that if an organelle is listed in a pathway, the location implied is inside the organelle, not in the membrane that surrounds the organelle.)
a. Cytoplasm only, ER --> cytoplasm, ER --> Golgi --> outside cell, cytoplasm --> ER --> outside cell, Golgi --> ER --> outside cell, cytoplasm --> Golgi --> outside cell, nucleus --> cytoplasm, ER --> Golgi --> cytoplasm
b. Protein Targeting Pathway
c. PFK _______________
d. Insulin _______________
Biology
1 answer:
spayn [35]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

PFK (protein): cytoplasm only (targeting pathway)

Insulin (protein): ER->Golgi->outside cell

Explanation:

Translation can be described as the mechanism by which a protein is produced through a mRNA.

If a particular protein is to function inside the same cell, then it doesn't need to get any modification so that it can travel outside the cell. Such type of proteins are translated on free cytoplasmic ribosomes and are released directly into the cytoplasm to perform their function. For example, PFK protein.

If a protein has to function outside the cell where it is produced, then it has to be modified. Such type or proteins are translated on the rough ER.  They are then modified in the Golgi complex and then transported outside the cell to the area where they have to function. For example, insulin.

You might be interested in
Part 1 Imagine two cells. One is 10 microns long on each side and the other is 5 microns long on each side. Let’s say the job of
Westkost [7]

Answer:

The speed of filling up with oxygen ( or any other gas, that is) is called the rate of diffusion. It depends on the temperature, distance and cell surface. Since from the diagram we can assume that the temperature and the distance between cell and oxygen is the same for both cells, then the only factor that affects the rate of diffusion is the cell's surface. Since the cells here are presented as cubes, the surface of the cube is 6 • a^2. So, the surface of the larger cell is 6 • 10^2, which is 600, and the second cell is 6 • 5^2, which is 150. That means that the larger cell will fill up with oxygen faster.

Regarding the amount of oxygen the cells can store, we need to calculate the volume of each cell. They are cubes, so the volume is a • a • a. So, the larger cell has a volume of 10 • 10 • 10, which is 1000 cubic microns, and the smaller one 5 • 5 • 5, which is 125 cubic microns.

The ability of smaller cells is to divide faster than the big ones, which is, let's say, a sort of compensatory mechanism for their lack of size. So, in order to hold more oxygen, smaller cells divide.

In the situation where we have 1 large and 8 smaller cells, to determine which will fill with oxygen faster, again we need to determine their surfaces. We already calculated large cell's surface, which is 600 square microns. The surface of one small cell was also calculated, and it is 150 square microns. If we have 8 cells, their surface is 8 • 150, which is 1200. That means that 8 smaller cells have a greater rate of diffusion.

Regarding their volume, we already calculated that a large cell's volume was 1000 cubic microns, and one small cell had a volume of 125. That means that 8 small cells will have a volume of 8 • 125, which is 1000 cubic microns. That means that one large and eight small cells have the same volume.

Finally, since 1 large and 8 small cells have the same volume, but smaller cells have the greater surface ( as calculated before), that is the reason why it is better to have more smaller than one large cell.

7 0
3 years ago
List the six characteristics of all living.
Bumek [7]

Answer:

1.)Responds to enviorment

2.)Produce offspring

3.)Grows

4.)Maintains homeostasis

5.)Contains cells

6.)Has complex chemistry

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Stars start as… a. Cosmic rays b. Chunks of rock c. Disks of dust and gas d. Ice
Vadim26 [7]
C Disks of Dust and Gas
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The gray frog was abundant in the woodlands. Because of climatic changes, most of the trees in the region died, and the woodland
sergey [27]
Population of green frogs will decresse
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Earth's orbital speed around the Sun is closest to
mel-nik [20]
Earth’s orbital speed around the Sun is closest to OC) 850 mi/h
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • What are the 3 main weapons of predators
    13·2 answers
  • Only a living organism exhibits all the characters of Life true or false
    5·1 answer
  • What happens to the enzyme activity of A after 30 degrees
    8·1 answer
  • Jus got my account deleted that had 2000 points and 15 brainliests pog
    9·2 answers
  • Why is oxygen important to humans? *
    14·2 answers
  • Soil generation and soil conservation are equally effective agricultural strategies.
    11·1 answer
  • Which is greater 3000 mg,250cg,3Kg
    6·1 answer
  • Humans are not dependent upon abiotic parts of the environment. True or false?
    5·1 answer
  • What bone makes up the lower rim of the eye orbit and the side and bottom of the nose
    5·1 answer
  • If 35.0 g of CH3OH (MM = 32.0 g/mol) are dissolved in 500.0 mL of solution, what is the concentration of CH3OH in the solution?​
    7·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!