Let's call

the mass of the glider and

the total mass of the seven washers hanging from the string.
The net force on the system is given by the weight of the hanging washers:

For Newton's second law, this net force is equal to the product between the total mass of the system (which is

) and the acceleration a:

So, if we equalize the two equations, we get

and from this we can find the acceleration:
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(a) 0.448
The gravitational potential energy of a satellite in orbit is given by:

where
G is the gravitational constant
M is the Earth's mass
m is the satellite's mass
r is the distance of the satellite from the Earth's centre, which is sum of the Earth's radius (R) and the altitude of the satellite (h):
r = R + h
We can therefore write the ratio between the potentially energy of satellite B to that of satellite A as

and so, substituting:

We find

(b) 0.448
The kinetic energy of a satellite in orbit around the Earth is given by

So, the ratio between the two kinetic energies is

Which is exactly identical to the ratio of the potential energies. Therefore, this ratio is also equal to 0.448.
(c) B
The total energy of a satellite is given by the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy:

For satellite A, we have

For satellite B, we have

So, satellite B has the greater total energy (since the energy is negative).
(d) 
The difference between the energy of the two satellites is:

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Balanced Forces acting on an object will not change the object's motion. Unbalanced Forces acting on an object will change the change the object's motion.