Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Electric field between plates without dielectric, 
Electric field between the plates with dielectric,
.
Permittivity of free space,
= 
Now, we will determine the charge density as follows.

= 
= 
Thus, we can conclude that the charge density on each surface of the dielectric is
.
If dirt and grease were good conductors of electrical current, then we could make wire
out of dirt and grease instead of expensive copper. Sadly, they're not. So a coating of
dirt and grease on the wire can have a substantial impact on the connection, and can
even block the flow of current across the connection completely. Moreover, in the case
where the ends of the wires are to be soldered, solder does not adhere to dirty wire.
Explanation:
Food chain is linear sequence of the organisms through which the nutrients and the energy pass as one organism eats the another.
<u>If one species in the food chain ceases to exist, the other members in rest of chain could cease to exist too or may increase in population which can affect other food chains. (Breaking of food chain).</u>
This is because the animals in the food chain are dependent on the nutrient present in the another.
For example in the food chain,
Grass ---- Deer ------ Lion
If all deer extinct, the lion will die as they will have nothing to feed on and the population of grass increases.
Answer:

Explanation:
Here we know that for the given system of charge we have no loss of energy as there is no friction force on it
So we will have


now we know when particle will reach the closest distance then due to electrostatic repulsion the speed will become zero.
So we have



so distance moved by the particle is given as


