The approach suggest that a firm's cost of retained earnings can be estimated by adding a risk premium of 3% to 5% points to the before-tax interest rate on the firm's own long-term debt.
The bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach does assumes that cost of equity is closely related to the firm's cost of debt.
- The premium approach does help to determine the value of an assetof a company's such as its traded equity.
However, the approach suggest that a firm's cost of retained earnings can be estimated by adding a risk premium of 3% to 5% points to the before-tax interest rate on the firm's own long-term debt.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Return on common stockholders' equity for 2015:
(Net income - preferred stock)/Equity
(63,000-5,400)/2,400,000 = 57,600/2,400,000 = 2.4%
Return on common stockholders' equity for 2015:
(99,000-5,400)/3,000,000 = 93,600/3,000,000 = 3.12%
From these calculations, it is clear that return has improved.
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The answer to your question is c
By dropping production costs, subsidies aid domestic manufacturers strive in contrast to foreign imports and attainment export markets. Subsidies proceeds many forms as well as cash grants, low interest loans, tax breaks and government equity contribution in domestic companies. Government subsidies should be paid for or usually by taxing people and businesses. The biggest protectors of the agricultural subsidies are the industrialized nations of the world and the consequence of subsidies is subsidies protect inefficient domestic producers. Conferring to the strategic trade policy, subsidies can assist a company to attain a first mover benefit in an developing industry. Non-tariff obstructions which comprise of subsidies, quotas, voluntary export restraints and anti dumping duties.
