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PIT_PIT [208]
3 years ago
6

At equilibrium, the concentrations of the products and reactants for the reaction, H2 (g) + I2 (g)  2 HI (g), are [H2] = 0.106

M; [I2] = 0.022 M; [HI] = 1.29 M Calculate the new equilibrium concentration of HI (in M) if the equilibrium concentrations of H2 and I2 are 0.95 M and 0.019 M respectively.
Chemistry
1 answer:
lana [24]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The new equilibrium concentration of HI: <u>[HI] = 3.589 M</u>          

Explanation:

Given: Initial concentrations at original equilibrium- [H₂] = 0.106 M; [I₂] = 0.022 M; [HI] = 1.29 M        

Final concentrations at new equilibrium- [H₂] = 0.95 M; [I₂] = 0.019 M; [HI] = ? M

<em>Given chemical reaction:</em> H₂(g) + I₂(g) → 2 HI(g)

The equilibrium constant (K_{c}) for the given chemical reaction, is given by the equation:

K_{c} = \frac {[HI]^{2}}{[H_{2}]\: [I_{2}]}

<u><em>At the original equilibrium state:</em></u>

K_{c} = \frac {(1.29\: M)^{2}}{(0.106\: M) \times (0.022\: M)}

K_{c} = \frac {1.6641}{0.002332} = 713.59

<u><em>Therefore, at the new equilibrium state:</em></u>

K_{c} = \frac {[HI]^{2}}{(0.95\: M) \times (0.019\: M)}

\Rightarrow K_{c} = 713.59 = \frac {[HI]^{2}}{0.01805}

\Rightarrow [HI]^{2} = 713.59 \times 0.01805 = 12.88

\Rightarrow [HI] = \sqrt {12.88} = 3.589 M

<u>Therefore, the new equilibrium concentration of HI: [HI] = 3.589 M</u>

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To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:

I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
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Δ
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1.0
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Δ
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C
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C
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4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
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F
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When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
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r
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C
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r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
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C
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The shortening of the
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