Water, h2o, is a molecule made of oxygen and hydrogen. the bonds that hold water molecules together are due to shared electrons,
and known as __________ bonds.a)covalent)dependent)ionic eliminated)nuclear
2 answers:
Answer:
a) covalent
Explanation:
Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons to be more stable. Most atoms follow the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to complete its valence shell (last level of electrons) with 8 electrons. Oxygen follows this rule, but Hydrogen becomes stable when it has 2 electrons in its valence shell. H and O are non-metals, and they tend to share electrons to complete their valence shell.
Oxygen has 6 electrons in its last level, so it needs 2 electrons to complete its octet. Hydrogen has 1 electron so it needs 1 electron to complete its duet.
As a result, 1 atom of oxygen shares electrons with 2 atoms of hydrogen. This can be represented by a Lewis Structure (attached), where electrons are represented as points around each atom. Covalent bonds are formed by the pair of electrons shared between each pair of atoms. Therefore, in the molecule of water there are 2 covalent bonds.
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Answer:
Ka = 1.5 × 10⁻⁵
Explanation:
Butyric acid is a weak acid that ionizes according to the following equation:
CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-COOH(aq) ⇄ CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-COO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq)
We can find the value of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) using the following expression:
where
[H⁺] is the molar concentration of H⁺
Ca is the initial molar concentration of the acid
We can find [H⁺] from the pH.
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog -pH = antilog -2.71 = 1.95 × 10⁻³ M
Then,