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Scientific modeling, Is the generation of a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon that is difficult to observe directly. Scientific models are used to explain and predict the behavior of real objects or systems and are used in a variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and the Earth sciences. Although modeling is a central component of modern science, scientific models at best are approximations of the objects and systems that they represent—they are not exact replicas. Thus, scientists constantly are working to improve and refine models.
Drawings help people visualize as well as see the concepts that are trying to be seen.
I don't know how to figure out the other things.
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Your notation is a bit confusing, let me write it more clearly.
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( Temperature in °F − 32) × 5/9 = Temperature in °C
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Explanation:
Spectator ions are ions in a solution/reaction that do not take part in a chemical reaction (hence are called "spectator" ions). <u>They can be identified when they are found both in the reactant and product sides</u>.
The reaction between lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO₃)₂ and sodium chloride, NaCl is illustrated below
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NaCl ⇒ PbCl₂ + 2NaNO₃
According to solubility rules, all the compounds above (with the exception of PbCl₂) are all soluble and would dissociate when involved in a reaction.
Hence, the ionic equation based on the description above will be
Pb²⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + 2Na⁺ + 2Cl⁻ ⇒ PbCl₂ + 2Na⁺ + 2NO₃⁻
From the above ionic equation, <u>it can be noted that both 2NO₃⁻ and 2Na⁺ are found on both the reactant and product side and are hence the spectator ions.</u>
The frozen balloon shrank because the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules in a balloon decreases when the temperature decreases. This makes the molecules move more slowly and have less frequent and weaker collisions with the inside wall of the balloon, which causes the balloon to shrink a little.
