Solid= Connected and Concentrated and Bound Together.
Liquid= Not bound but free flowing, less concentrated.
Gas= Spaced out and not concentrated, floating freely through space.
Answer:
Ca(aq)⁺² + CO₃⁻²(aq) → CaCO₃(s)
Explanation:
Breaking down the equation into ionic form gives:
2Na⁺(aq) + CO₃⁻²(aq) + Ca⁺²(aq) + 2NO₃⁻¹ (aq) → 2Na⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻¹(aq) + CaCO₃(s)
Eliminating all the same ionic states on both sides of the equation gives following final equation
Ca(aq)⁺² + CO₃⁻²(aq) → CaCO₃(s)
The acids found in alcohol that make it evaporate are called organic acids.
An organic acid is an organic compound that has acidic properties. There are two types: one has a carboxyl (COOH) group, and the other type has a phenol group.
The most common organic acids are those with a carboxyl group and include acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid and all fatty acids. Perfumes include organic acid in their composition to make them volatile. Volatile substances evaporate easily, and this is important for perfumes. They need to dissipate easily into the surrounding environment and spread their good smell.
![pH = 13.5](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20pH%20%3D%2013.5%20)
Explanation:
Sodium hydroxide completely ionizes in water to produce sodium ions and hydroxide ions. Hydroxide ions are in excess and neutralize all acetic acid added by the following ionic equation:
![\text{HAc} + \text{OH}^{-} \to \text{Ac}^{-} + \text{H}_2\text{O}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5Ctext%7BHAc%7D%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BOH%7D%5E%7B-%7D%20%5Cto%20%5Ctext%7BAc%7D%5E%7B-%7D%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7BH%7D_2%5Ctext%7BO%7D%20)
The mixture would contain
if
undergoes no hydrolysis; the solution is of volume
after the mixing. The two species would thus be of concentration
and
, respectively.
Construct a RICE table for the hydrolysis of
under a basic aqueous environment (with a negligible hydronium concentration.)
![\begin{array}{cccccccc} \text{R} & \text{Ac}^{-}(aq) &+ & \text{H}_2\text{O}(aq) & \leftrightharpoons & \text{HAc}(aq) & + & \text{OH}^{-} (aq)\\ \text{I} & 0.10 \; \text{M} & & & & & &0.30 \; \text{M}\\ \text{C} & -x \; \text{M}& & & & +x \; \text{M}& & +x \; \text{M} \\ \text{E} & (0.10 - x) \; \text{M} & & & & x \; \text{M} & & (0.30 +x) \; \text{M} \end{array}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bcccccccc%7D%20%5Ctext%7BR%7D%20%26%20%5Ctext%7BAc%7D%5E%7B-%7D%28aq%29%20%26%2B%20%26%20%5Ctext%7BH%7D_2%5Ctext%7BO%7D%28aq%29%20%26%20%5Cleftrightharpoons%20%26%20%5Ctext%7BHAc%7D%28aq%29%20%26%20%2B%20%26%20%5Ctext%7BOH%7D%5E%7B-%7D%20%28aq%29%5C%5C%20%5Ctext%7BI%7D%20%26%200.10%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20%26%20%26%20%26%20%26%20%26%20%260.30%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%5C%5C%20%5Ctext%7BC%7D%20%26%20-x%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%26%20%26%20%26%20%26%20%2Bx%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%26%20%26%20%2Bx%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20%5C%5C%20%5Ctext%7BE%7D%20%26%20%280.10%20-%20x%29%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20%26%20%26%20%26%20%26%20x%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20%26%20%26%20%280.30%20%2Bx%29%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20%5Cend%7Barray%7D%20)
The question supplied the <em>acid</em> dissociation constant
for acetic acid
; however, calculating the hydrolysis equilibrium taking place in this basic mixture requires the <em>base</em> dissociation constant
for its conjugate base,
. The following relationship relates the two quantities:
![pK_{b} (\text{Ac}^{-}) = pK_{w} - pK_{a}( \text{HAc})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20pK_%7Bb%7D%20%28%5Ctext%7BAc%7D%5E%7B-%7D%29%20%3D%20pK_%7Bw%7D%20-%20pK_%7Ba%7D%28%20%5Ctext%7BHAc%7D%29%20)
... where the water self-ionization constant
under standard conditions. Thus
. By the definition of
:
![[\text{HAc} (aq)] \cdot [\text{OH}^{-} (aq)] / [\text{Ac}^{-} (aq) ] = K_b = 10^{-pK_{b}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5B%5Ctext%7BHAc%7D%20%28aq%29%5D%20%5Ccdot%20%5B%5Ctext%7BOH%7D%5E%7B-%7D%20%28aq%29%5D%20%2F%20%5B%5Ctext%7BAc%7D%5E%7B-%7D%20%28aq%29%20%5D%20%3D%20K_b%20%3D%20%2010%5E%7B-pK_%7Bb%7D%7D%20)
![x \cdot (0.3 + x) / (0.1 - x) = 10^{-9.3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20x%20%5Ccdot%20%280.3%20%2B%20x%29%20%2F%20%280.1%20-%20x%29%20%3D%2010%5E%7B-9.3%7D%20)
![x = 1.67 \times 10^{-10} \; \text{M} \approx 0 \; \text{M}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20x%20%3D%201.67%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20%5Capprox%200%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20)
![[\text{OH}^{-}] = 0.30 +x \approx 0.30 \; \text{M}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5B%5Ctext%7BOH%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%20%3D%200.30%20%2Bx%20%5Capprox%200.30%20%5C%3B%20%5Ctext%7BM%7D%20)
![pH = pK_{w} - pOH = 14 + \text{log}_{10}[\text{OH}^{-}] = 14 + \text{log}_{10}{0.30} = 13.5](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20pH%20%3D%20pK_%7Bw%7D%20-%20pOH%20%3D%2014%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7Blog%7D_%7B10%7D%5B%5Ctext%7BOH%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%20%3D%2014%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7Blog%7D_%7B10%7D%7B0.30%7D%20%3D%2013.5%20)