• Homologous structures: Both Ostriches have wings similar in form to those of their ancestors, but that do not allow the birds to fly.
Homologous structures are those that have structural similarities but are different in function. For example, if we look at the anatomical structure of a bird’s wing, it is very similar in structure with a human arm. However, over the course of time they have evolved to perform different functions.
• Vestigial structures: The inner ear bones of mammals have evolved from bones that form the jaws of reptiles.
Vestigiality refers to the process in which some structure lose their function over the course of evolution in some specie but they are functionally normal in other species. Such a structure is the inner ear bones of mammals which donot perform an important function in mammals but do perform in reptiles.
• DNA sequence data: Both Genes involved in RNA replication are conserved among bacteria and animals, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.
The sequencing of genetic data is an excellent method of finding the evolutionary histories and relatedness of different organisms. This field of sciences is called phylogenetics and the mentioned example is the result of phylogenetics.
• Analogous structures: The jointed legs of insects and vertebrates arose independently, indicating a different evolutionary origin.
Analogous structures are those that have similar function but they look very different in structure or anatomy. This is because they have been evolved from different ancestors and perform different functions. One example of these structures is mentioned, The jointed legs of insects and vertebrates that look different bur perform same function.
Answer:
d. It also includes , breathing, digestion, swallowing
Answer:
Genetics is a branch of science that deals with the study of genes, their sequence, function, variation, and heredity.
Increasing understanding of genetics help in making new fields of health care, for example,
- Gene therapy helps in treating various genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis et cetera.
- Molecular genetics help in the development of more precise methods for diagnosis such as ELISA.
- Pedigree analysis and karyotypes help in early detection of possible hereditary diseases.
- DNA fingerprinting helps in detecting criminal suspects, paternity test, identification of dead organism et cetera.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Cooling reduces the excitement of the molecules of the DNA hence allowing the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs of the two strands to form hence the DNA is considered to anneal. Heating disrupts the hydrogen bonds and causes the two strands to dissociate.
