Sound waves in air (and any fluid medium) are longitudinal waves because particles of the medium through which the sound is transported vibrate parallel to the direction that the sound wave moves.
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The process that produces the energy radiated by stars is nuclear fusion in the core.
For a star on the main sequence, it's the fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium.
Here molecules of gas remains constant. If more pressure is applied to the piston, gaseous molecules will come closer to each other. Hence their volume decreases and density increases. Hope this helps you.