Each isotope of Oxygen has a different number of neutrons
<h3>Further explanation
</h3>
The elements in nature have several types of isotopes
Atomic mass is the average atomic mass of all its isotopes
Isotopes are atoms has the same number of protons but has a different number of neutrons.
So Isotopes are elements that have the same Atomic Number (Proton)
Some of the isotopes of oxygen are:
Each isotope has 8 protons and 8 electrons but has a different number of neutrons
For O-16: number of neutrons = 16-8 = 8
For O-17: number of neutrons = 17-8 = 9
For O-18: number of neutrons = 18-8 = 10
Heat and gravity are fundamental to the process
The energy source for plate tectonics is Earth's internal heat while the forces moving the plates are the “ridge push” and “slab pull” gravity forces.
Hope I helped! :)
Answer: the coefficient of volume expansion of glass = 0.86/(1000 * 52) = 0.00001654 per degree.
Explanation:
Original volume of mercury = 1000 cm3.
The final volume of mercury considering its volume expansion quotient = 1000 + 1000*(1.8*10^-4 *52) = 1000 + 9.36 = 1009.36 cm^3
Considering the glass as a non expanding substance, the complete excess volume of 9.36 cm3 of mercury should have overflown the container, but due to the expansion of glass, the capacity of mercury containment increases and so a lesser amount of mercury flows out.
The amount of mercury that actually flowed out = 8.50 cm3.
So, the expansion of the glass container = 9.36-8.50 = 0.86 cm3.
Using the formula for coefficient of expansion,
coefficient of volume expansion of glass = 0.86/(1000 * 52) = 0.00001654 per degree.
Answer:
Water Cycle
- Earth is a truly unique in its abundance of water. Water is necessary to sustaining life on Earth, and helps tie together the Earth's lands, oceans, and atmosphere into an integrated system. Precipitation, evaporation, freezing and melting and condensation are all part of the hydrological cycle - a never-ending global process of water circulation from clouds to land, to the ocean, and back to the clouds.
- This cycling of water is intimately linked with energy exchanges among the atmosphere, ocean, and land that determine the Earth's climate and cause much of natural climate variability.
- The impacts of climate change and variability on the quality of human life occur primarily through changes in the water cycle. As stated in the National Research Council's report on Research Pathways for the Next Decade (NRC, 1999): "Water is at the heart of both the causes and effects of climate change."
<h2>Importance of the ocean in the water cycle</h2>
- The ocean plays a key role in this vital cycle of water.
- The ocean holds 97% of the total water on the planet; 78% of global precipitation occurs over the ocean, and it is the source of 86% of global evaporation.
- Besides affecting the amount of atmospheric water vapor and hence rainfall, evaporation from the sea surface is important in the movement of heat in the climate system.
- Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean, mostly in warm, cloud-free subtropical seas.
- This cools the surface of the ocean, and the large amount of heat absorbed the ocean partially buffers the greenhouse effect from increasing carbon dioxide and other gases.
- Water vapor carried by the atmosphere condenses as clouds and falls as rain, mostly in the ITCZ, far from where it evaporated, Condensing water vapor releases latent heat and this drives much of the the atmospheric circulation in the tropics.
- This latent heat release is an important part of the Earth’s heat balance, and it couples the planet’s energy and water cycles.
- The major physical components of the global water cycle include the evaporation from the ocean and land surfaces, the transport of water vapor by the atmosphere, precipitation onto the ocean and land surfaces, the net atmospheric transport of water from land areas to ocean, and the return flow of fresh water from the land back into the ocean.
- . The additional components of oceanic water transport are few, including the mixing of fresh water through the oceanic boundary layer, transport by ocean currents, and sea ice processes.
- On land the situation is considerably more complex, and includes the deposition of rain and snow on land; water flow in runoff; infiltration of water into the soil and groundwater; storage of water in soil, lakes and streams, and groundwater; polar and glacial ice; and use of water in vegetation and human activities.
- Illustration of the water cycle showing the ocean, land, mountains, and rivers returning to the ocean.
- Processes labeled include: precipitation, condensation, evaporation, evaportranspiration (from tree into atmosphere), radiative exchange, surface runoff, ground water and stream flow, infiltration, percolation and soil.
