Every cell in the body goes through a life cycle. Cells grow and divide to replace cells that are lost because of normal wear and tear or injury. Different cells grow and die at different rates. Some cells, such as epithelial<span>epithelialA thin layer of epithelial cells that makes up the outer surfaces of the body (the skin) and lines hollow organs, glands and all passages of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive and urinary systems.</span> cells, reproduce quickly. Other cells, like nerve cells, grow slowly. Both normal cells and cancer cells go through a sequence of steps, or phases, when they form new cells. This is called the cell cycle.
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It is possible to use the information of the nucleotide sequence of one strand to determine the sequence of the other strand.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological molecule with two strands. Each strand is made up of a sequence of nucleotides. The DNA nucleotides are Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T).
- In a DNA molecule, Adenine forms an hydrogen bond with Thymine i.e. A-T, while Guanine forms an hydrogen bond with Cytosine i.e. G-C.
- Therefore, it is possible to use the information of the nucleotide sequence of one strand to determine the sequence of the other strand. For example, a strand with ATGCGTACGAT will form the following sequence: TACGCATGCTA
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Answer:
Proteins play a fundamental role for life and are the most versatile and diverse biomolecules. They are essential for the growth of the organism and perform a huge amount of different functions.
The passage of DNA to proteins begins with the step of transforming genetic information into an intermediary between DNA and protein. This intermediary is called messenger RNA (mRNA). The difference between DNA and mRNA is that the second corresponds to a very small fraction of all DNA, consists of a single chain (it is no longer a “zipper” but a strand), and that Thymine (T) is replaced by the Uracil (U). This fraction corresponds to the stretch of DNA that contains the sequence necessary to ultimately synthesize the protein.
