Answer:
I think a because fossils do stay for a very long time ribbit
Intensify drought and hurricanes in the region (these usually cause climate change) hope this helps and i hope I’m right please let me know lol
Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
<span>Answer : D. The factor
that's changed by the experimenter and impacts the dependent variable.<span>
</span><span>An
independent variable is a variable in which you can manipulate or control while
the dependent variable depends on the independent variable. An
example of an independent variable is the running while the dependent variable
is your pulse rate. The pulse rate depends on how fast and how long is the
distance of your run. The pulse rate maybe higher and faster if you’ve run quite
long and will be close to stable if you only run for a short distance and slow
speed.</span></span>
