Answer:

Explanation:
Velocity of the ship is given as

the direction of the velocity of the ship is making an angle of 11 degree with the current
so we will have two components of the velocity
1) along the direction of the current
2) perpendicular to the direction of the current
so here we know that the component of the ship velocity along the direction of the current is given as



Answer:
The equation for the object's displacement is 
Explanation:
Given:
m = 16 lb
δ = 3 in
The stiffness is:

The angular speed is:

The damping force is:

Where
FD = 20 lb
u = 4 ft/s = 48 in/s
Replacing:

The critical damping is equal:

Like cc>c the system is undamped
The equilibrium expression is:

Energy decreases as it moves uptrophic levels because energy is lost as metabolic heat when the organisms from one trophic level are consumed by organisms from the next level.Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) measures the amount of energy that is transferred between trophic levels.