Answer:
For differents τ:
τ = 1000 Å → B = 0.11°
τ = 750 Å → B = 0.15°
τ = 250 Å → B = 0.44°
For differents Θ:
Θ = 10° → B = 0.31°
Θ = 45° → B = 0.44°
Θ = 80° → B = 1.78°
Explanation:
To factor B is related to the size of particles, Θ, and λ by the Scherrer equation:

<em>where τ: size of the particles, λ: is the wavelenght of the X-Rays, B: is the line broadening at half the maximum intensity, Θ: angle of incidence and K: is a shape factor with typical value of 0.9 </em>

Now, factor B for the diameter of the particles (τ) is:
τ = 1000 Å:
τ = 750 Å:

τ = 250 Å:
For τ = 250 Å, factor B for angles of incidence is:
Θ = 10°:

Θ = 45°:
B = 0.438°
Θ = 80°:
Have a nice day!
The answer is A. Alternating current regularly reverses direction. Direct current flows in only one direction.
I think it means the object is slowing down
Explanation:
As we know, resistance is the ratio of voltage used and current flowing through the circuit. So,
<h3>R = V/I</h3>
By error calculation
<h3>∆R/R = [(∆V/V)100] + [(∆I/I)100]</h3>
V = 100 ± 6% V
I = 10 ± 0.2% A
∆R/R= (5/100)×100 + (0.2/10)×100
∆R/R=5+2=7%
<h2>So, percentage error in resistance (R) = ± 7%.</h2>
Power = (energy) / (time)
= (60 joules) / (4 seconds)
= 15 joules/second
= 15 watts