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lesya [120]
3 years ago
9

Why "charge" reduces rate of diffusion in cell membrane

Biology
1 answer:
Over [174]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Each ion or charged molecule in a fluid contributes to the fluid's overall electric charge. A difference in charge between two regions of fluid can affect the rate and direction of diffusion between them. For example, positively charged substances will tend to diffuse toward a region with an overall negative charge.

Explanation:

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Many mutations have been identified in the lac operon. A particular mutation in the CRP gene make the CRP protein bind to the Pl
maksim [4K]

Answer:

a. + glucose, + lactose  = On

b. - glucose, - lactose  = Off

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d. - glucose, + lactose = On

Explanation:

Lac operon has both types of control, repressible and inducible.

Whenever glucose level is low in the cell, an enzyme known as adenylyl cyclase raises the level of cAMP which forms a dimer with CRP protein and they both act as activator of lac operon and cause expression.

Apart from this, when lactose is present in the cell, β-galactosidase enzyme metabolizes lactose to form allolactose which causes allosteric repulsion in the lac repressor and causes its removal from the operator. As soon as repressor is removed lac operon gets activated.

In wild type lac operons, the expression of lac operon occurs when glucose level is low in the cell and lactose is present but in this mutant presence or absence of glucose will not make a difference because CRP will bind Plac promoter independent of cAMP level i.e. activator CRP will work even in high glucose concentration. If lactose is present then lac operon will always express so in option 'a & d' lac operon will express but in option 'b & c' it will not express.

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2) Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the
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