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3 years ago

How do cations of the same charge change in radius as you move down a column in the periodic table?

Chemistry

1 answer:

zepelin [54]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The cations of the same charge increase in radius as you move down a column in the periodic table.

Explanation:

Moving down a column in the periodic table means to increase the main energy level and keeping the number of electrons in the outermost shell (the number of valence electrons).

The metals (elements in the left side of the periodic table) form positive ions, named cations, when they lose one or more valence electrons.

To depict this more clearly, consider, for example, the column 1 in the periodic table, which is the group of alkal metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr.

As you move down that column you ge the following results

Element Period Number of Main cation

(main energy level) valence electrons

Li 2 1 Li⁺

Na 3 1 Na⁺

K 4 1 K⁺

Rb 5 1 Rb⁺

Cs 6 1 Cs⁺

Fr 7 1 Fr⁺

Then, in the last column of the previous table, you see that all the cations have the same charge, because each one is formed after lossing the same number of electrons from the neutral atom (1).

Since, as you move down the column in the periodic table, the valence electrons are in higher main energy levels, which means that the size of both the neutral atom and the and the resultant cation formed after losing the valence electron are bigger than the cation of the previous level. Hence, as a general rule, the radius of the cations of the same charge increase as you move down a colum in the periodic table.

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In sediments and waterlogged soil, dissolved O2 concentrations are so low that the microorganisms living there must rely on othe

kakasveta [241]

Answer:

1) SO₄ ²⁻ : (+6)

H₂S : (-2)

Explanation:

a) Sulfate reducers are widespread in muds and other sediments, water-logged soils, etc., environments that contain SO₄ ²⁻ and become anoxic as a result of microbial decomposition.

Sulfate (SO₄ ²⁻), the most oxidized form of sulfur (+6), is reduced by these

sulfate-reducing bacteria. The end product of sulfate reduction is hydrogen sulfide, H₂S, (oxidation number -2) an important natural product that participates in many biogeochemical processes. The H₂S they generate is responsible for the pungent smell (like that of rotten eggs) often encountered near coastal ecosystems. When sulfate-reducing bacteria grow, the H₂S formed from SO₄ ²⁻ reduction combines with the ferrous iron to form black, insoluble ferrous sulfide, which is not toxic. This is important for the conservation of the environment.

b) The net ionic equation under acidic conditions is:

4 H₂ + SO₄²⁻ + H⁺ → HS⁻ + 4 H₂O

Global reaction: SO₄²⁻ + 2H⁺ → H₂S + O₂

3 0

2 years ago

Sodium is going in group 1, period 3. It contains A. One valence electron in its 3rd energy shell B three valence electron in it

topjm [15]

Answer:

The correct answer is option A, that is, one valence electron in its third energy shell and option C, that is, 11 electrons and 11 protons.

Explanation:

The outermost electrons and the ones that take part in the process of bonding are termed as valence electrons. The atomic number of sodium is 11, thus, it possesses 11 protons and the atoms are neutral so it suggests that sodium has 11 electrons. By electronic configuration, it can be seen that in sodium, two electrons are present in the first shell, 8 in the second, and only one electron in the third shell, that is, 2.8.1. The electron present in the third shell is the valence electron.

5 0

3 years ago

A reaction produces 0.883 moles of H₂O. How many molecules are produced?

prisoha [69]

The answer is 5.32 × 10²³ molecules

Avogadro's number is the number of units (atoms, molecules) in 1 mole of substance:
6.023 × 10²³ units per 1 mole

We have 0.883 moles.
If 1 mole has 6.023 × 10²³ molecules, 0.883 moles will have x molecules:
1 mole : 6.023 × 10²³ molecules = 0.883 moles : x

x = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules * 0.883 moles : 1 mole = 5.32 × 10²³ molecules

6 0

3 years ago

What are different type of plastids explain them?

BARSIC [14]

Answer:

Explanation:

There are 3 types of plastids :-

1) Chloroplasts:- The green plastids which contain chlorophyll pigments for photosynthesis.

2) Chromoplasts:-The coloured plastids for pigment synthesis and storage.

3) Leucoplasts:- The colourless plastids for monoterpene synthesis found in non- photosynthetic parts of the plants.

They are of three types:-

a) Amyloplasts- stores starch.

b) Proteinoplasts- stores proteins.

c) Elaioplasts- stores fats and oils.

6 0

3 years ago

what information can a foliated metamorphic rock provide you about the conditions under which it formed

uysha [10]

The information that a foliated metamorphic rock provide about the conditions it was formed under are:(for many diffrent rocks like Phyllite and Amphibolite)
you can tell by its features like if its smooth and sleek or if its rough and bumpy those physical features.

3 0

3 years ago