Question

1)Describe the industrial Manufacture of

Answer 1

1. The Haber Process combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (methane) into ammonia. The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic. The catalyst is actually slightly more complicated than pure iron.
2. Physical properties: Ammonia is a colorless gas with a sharp, penetrating odor. Its boiling point is -33.35 °C, and its freezing point is -77.7 °C. ... Chemical properties: Ammonia is a weak base. It combines with various acids to form ammonium salts, which are important chemicals in many industries. Ammonia is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. It is lighter than air, its density being 0.589 times that of air. It is easily liquefied due to the strong hydrogen bonding between molecules; the liquid boils at −33.3 °C (−27.94 °F), and freezes to white crystals at −77.7 °C (−107.86 °F).
3. Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals. It is found in many household and industrial-strength cleaning solutions.
4. Nitric acid is made by reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water. Or, shortened: 3 NO2 + H2O → 2 HNO3 + NO. Normally, the nitric oxide produced by the reaction is reoxidized by the oxygen in air to produce additional nitrogen dioxide.
5. Nitrogen is so vital because it is a major component of chlorophyll, the compound by which plants use sunlight energy to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide (i.e., photosynthesis). It is also a major component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
6. Gardeners and homeowners sometimes might need to add nitrogen fertilizer to their gardens and lawns to provide just the right food for their plants. ... Nitrogen at higher levels causes a loss of certain plant species, depletion of soil nutrients, death of fish and aquatic organisms, and contamination of drinking water.