RFLP or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism exploits the variation of homologous DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) sequences. This technique is frequently used in different types of analysis such as genotyping, paternity tests, forensics, hereditary disease diagnostics, and many others. In diagnosing diseases, PCR is use to find the DNA of pathogens in small amounts to diagnose hundreds of genetic diseases. While in forensic investigations, PCR can give a probably ID from 20 cells.
1. The correct answer is: The viral envelope proteins interact with CD4 and a co-receptor on the cell membrane.
Binding and entering the host cell are the first steps of the HIV virus infection. So, these steps play a major role in determining the ability of HIV to degrade the human immune system. Binding of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes (express chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 called co-receptors) triggers the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, initiating infection (viral core gets into the cytoplasm).
Attachment of the virion can be:
• Nonspecific-envelop protein of the virus (Env) binds to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans
• Specific-Env binds to integrin.
2. The correct answer is: Activation of the host cell by cytokines, growth factors, or antigens.
After the viral capsid enters the cell, single-stranded RNA genome is released from the attached viral proteins and copied it into a complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule thanks to an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Next step is the integration of the viral DNA into the host cell's genome. This process is done by another viral enzyme called integrase. The integrated DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins that will help the package of new viruse particles.
3. The answer is: false
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template. Since the genome of the virus (HIV) is single stranded RNA, reverse transcriptase copies it into a complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule. Thanks to this enzyme, formed cDNA can be integrated into host’s genome. Because of this proprety, antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection work as reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
What are the statement choices?
I would choose amoeba because it's the odd one out
Please be rightly informed that all animals are composed of <u>cells</u>
<h3>Living organisms </h3>
Living organisms; be it plants or animals are any organic or living system composed of cells and function as an individual entity.
- All living organisms share a number of key characteristics or functions such as movement, respiration, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, evolution, competition and others.
- Animals and plants also posess systems such as the digestive, skeletal, transport, nervous, excretory, respiratory and reproductive system.
- Living organisms are also taxonomically classified as either unicellular microorganisms or multicellular plants and animals
So therefore, please be rightly informed that all animals are composed of cells
Complete question:
What do all animals have in common?
Learn more about living organisms:
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