Answer:
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Who pays the income tax, the payroll tax, the estate and gift taxes? Who
bears the burden of the gasoline and tobacco taxes? If Congress were to
raise this tax rate, or lower that tax deduction, who would gain and
who would lose? The outcomes of the political battles over changes in
the tax system often hinge on the answers to such questions. This paper
will discuss the economic consequences of taxation and the factors that
influence where the burden of various taxes really falls. It will review
some of the discussions in the economic literature. Finally, it will
suggest that a shift to a markedly different type of tax system would
benefit all players in the economy.
Answer:
Average force will be equal to 2908.57 N
Explanation:
We have given mass of the ball m = 46 gram = 0.046 kg
Let velocity at which ball is projected is u m/sec
Angle at which ball is projected 
Range of the ball is given R = 200 m
Range is equal to 


u = 44.27 m/sec
Change in momentum of the ball is equal to 
Time of impact is given 
Force is equal to rate of change of momentum
So force 
Force will be equal to 2908.57 N
Answer:
v=39.05 m/s
Explanation:
Given that
x= 56 cm
F= 158 N
m= 58 g = 0.058 kg
Lets take spring constant = k
At the initial position,before releasing the arrow
F= k x
By putting the values
F= k x
158= 0.56 k
k=282.14 N/m
Now from energy conservation
Lets take final speed of the arrow after releasing

k x²=mv²
282.14 x 0.56² = 0.058 v²
v=39.05 m/s