<u>Social disorganization theory</u> can help explain crimes committed by individuals who develop and spread computer viruses.
Social process theories like differential reinforcement theory and learning theory can be used to explain why people who create and propagate computer viruses commit crimes. The ability to write a virus requires a certain amount of technical proficiency. Learning how to write the code required to create a virus is frequently part of this process. Many people learn these skills through message boards, or distance learning instead of in-person instruction, which is the case in the majority of cases. This kind of action also has positive reinforcements, such as the thrill of spreading the virus and infecting systems, "admiration" from one's peer group, and potential financial gains.
According to this theoretical viewpoint, criminal behaviour may be related to missed possibilities for respectable pursuits. As a result, those who engage in this kind of criminal activity could be referred to as "innovators" because they employ unethical methods to achieve the conventional aim of success, which is typically quantified in terms of financial gain. It's interesting to note that Merton first used this theoretical viewpoint to explain why legitimate chances for those who are primarily from the lower class were obstructed.
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Answer:
Takings Clause
Explanation:
The takings clause stated that the Government cannot acquire ownership toward a privately held properties without giving the original owner with proper compensation for that properties.
This can be seen in the example above.
The government wanted to acquire land which owned by Bill. If the government want to use its legal power to take it, the takings clause required the government to convert the land to its current market value and provide compensation with that amount as a minimum to the original owner (in this case, Bill)
The government can promote economic efficiency by reducing social security spending and reducing unemployment.
Hope this helps :D
