Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if no heat flows between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys the zeroth law of thermodynamics. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium with itself if the temperature within the system is spatially and temporally uniform.
Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are always in thermal equilibrium, but the converse is not always true. If the connection between the systems allows transfer of energy as heat but does not allow transfer of matter or transfer of energy as work, the two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without reaching thermodynamic equilibrium.
Answer:
W = F * s
Work done equals applied force * distance traveled
Apparent weight = M g (1 - sin θ) since some of applied force will lighten sled
μ = coefficient of kinetic friction
F cos θ = force applied to motion of sled
s = distance traveled
[μ M g (1 - sin θ)] cos θ * s = work done in moving sled
Note that F = μ M g if applied force is in the horizontal direction
The marbles that are 'more energetic' fall out of the tray, in the same way particles have enough energy to escape and turn into a gas.