Answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating and an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated myelin and axonal damage, and chronic axonal loss attributable to the absence of myelin sheaths. T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, CD8+, NKT, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells) and B cells are involved in this disorder, thus new MS therapies seek damage prevention by resetting multiple components of the immune system. The currently approved therapies are immunoregulatory and reduce the number and rate of lesion formation but are only partially effective. This review summarizes current understanding of the processes at issue: myelination, demyelination and remyelination—with emphasis upon myelin composition/architecture and oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation. The translational options target oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair in animal models and assess their relevance in human. Remyelination may be enhanced by signals that promote myelin formation and repair. The crucial question of why remyelination fails is approached is several ways by examining the role in remyelination of available MS medications and avenues being actively pursued to promote remyelination including: (i) cytokine-based immune-intervention (targeting calpain inhibition), (ii) antigen-based immunomodulation (targeting glycolipid-reactive iNKT cells and sphingoid mediated inflammation) and (iii) recombinant monoclonal antibodies-induced remyelination.Keywords: calpain, central nervous system, demyelination, fingolimod, glycolipids, lipids, multiple sclerosis, myelin, myelination, NKT cells, oligodendrocytes, remyelination, T cells
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Answer: The gateway drug effect (alternatively, stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis) is a comprehensive catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances.
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Answer:
Guns are cool but vilonce is not
Explanation:
Guns in Amerca are mostly used for recreation purposes but people do use them for bad things, And the people who do that, most of them got their fierarms illegaly. In fact, In america guns are used to save the lives of 500,000 to 3 million people each year by legal-firearm-owning Americans. According to the FBI. Their are also about 30,000 deaths related to fierarm involved crimes, so more crimes are stopped than killed with firearms. From my experiences with anti-gun activists is that they don´t know stuff about firearms. I know alot of people who think fully-automatic weapons are leagal. They are not. My point is, if you don know about somthing, dont pretend you do. thats just like me trying to ban keybord manufacturing when I don´t know nothing about the keybord industry. I reccomend you go to your local gun-shop and purchase a firearm, just a cheap one and see the back-ground check proccess. You might even not need to buy one, just aske them if you could see the background check proccess.
Answer:
I Don't know a potatoes old
that statement is False
STI ( Sexually transmitted Infections) medication need to be taken until the infection is 100 % Gone
Symptoms can lie, often times the symptoms can be gone while the underlying infections still remain in patient's body
