Answer:
They have electrons in their 3d- and 4s-orbital for bond formation.
Explanation:
d- metals or transition metal are metal which form ion with partially filled d-orbital. Examples are iron and manganese.
The metals have 2 electrons in their 4s orbital. If only this is used for bonding, they will form compounds where they have oxidation State of +2 as seen in MnO.
If two 4s and one of 3d electrons are used, oxidation state of +3 is formed as seen in FeCl3.
If two 2s electron I used with two 3d electrons, compound with oxidation state of +4 is formed as seen in MnO2
The primary form of heat transfer taking place within the water bottle will be convection, which is the natural circulation of fluid due to density differences arising from temperature differences.
The second form is dependent on how the heating is taking place. If the bottle is out in sunlight, the form of heat transfer is radiation from the sun's rays. If heat is directly being applied to it, then the form is conduction, which occurs in solids and through direct contact.
