<span>The </span>abundance of a chemical element<span> is a measure of the </span>occurrence<span> of the </span>element<span> relative to all other elements in a given environment. Abundance is measured in one of three ways: by the </span>mass-fraction<span> (the same as weight fraction); by the </span>mole-fraction<span> (fraction of atoms by numerical count, or sometimes fraction of molecules in gases); or by the </span>volume-fraction<span>. Volume-fraction is a common abundance measure in mixed gases such as planetary atmospheres, and is similar in value to molecular mole-fraction for gas mixtures at relatively low densities and pressures, and </span>ideal gas<span> mixtures. Most abundance values in this article are given as mass-fractions.
</span>
Answer:
A) Dilute the unknown so that it will have an absorbance within the standard curve. Once the diluted unknown concentration is determined, the full strength concentration can be calculated if the dilution process is recorded. Beer's law only applies to dilute solutions, so diluting the unknown is better than making new standards.
Explanation:
Beer's law states that <em>absorbance is proportional to the concentrations of the absorbing species</em>. This is verified in the case of diluted solutions (0≤0.01 M) of most substances. <u>As a solution gets more concentrated, solute molecules interact between themselves because of their proximity. </u>When a molecule interacts with another, the change in their electric properties (including absorbance) is probable. That's why <u>the plot of absorbance versus concentration stops being a straight line</u>, and <u>Beer's law is no longer valid.</u>
Therefore, if the absorbance value is higher than the highest standard, dilutions should be made. Once this concentration is determined, the full strength concentration can be calculated with the inverse of the dilution.
Answer:
The ones with 8 protons
Explanation:
Since there are two of them with 8 protons, we can assume they are the same element. The first 8 proton element has 10 neutrons while the second has 11. This makes them isotopes of one another
