Explanation:
A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three. Due to the triplet nature of gene expression by codons, the insertion or deletion can change the reading frame (the grouping of the codons), resulting in a completely different translation from the original. The earlier in the sequence the deletion or insertion occurs, the more altered the protein. A frameshift mutation is not the same as a single-nucleotide polymorphism in which a nucleotide is replaced, rather than inserted or deleted. A frameshift mutation will in general cause the reading of the codons after the mutation to code for different amino acids. The frameshift mutation will also alter the first stop codon ("UAA", "UGA" or "UAG") encountered in the sequence. The polypeptide being created could be abnormally short or abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
B. They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy
<h3>Explanation;</h3>
- Some carotenoids seem to be function as photoprotectors.
- These compounds absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that would otherwise damage chlorophyll or interact with oxygen, forming reactive oxidative molecules that are dangerous to the cell.
A vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria.
Because technically there is no such thing as cold
all that exists is heat
this is because heat is the rapid movement of particles, made by friction (to understand why you must delve into physics and some chemistry)
so, when you feel cold, it's really the absence of heat
so instead of "keeping the cold out", which makes no sense at all scientifically, insulation keeps the heat in.
as a side note
the feeling of cold is produced when you come in contact with an object (yes, air counts) that has less heat, or energy, than you do, You feel cold because heat (energy) from your body is being transferred to the environment. This ABSENCE OF HEAT in your body is why you feel cold
