Answer:
D) None of the above is included in Japanese GDP.
Explanation:
A country's GDP includes the value of all the finished and legal goods and services produced in an economy during one year.
GDP = consumption + investment + government spending + net exports
- Vegetables and fruits grown and consumed by an individual are not included in the GDP, unless they sell them to someone else.
- Illegal goods ans services are not included in the GDP.
- Imports, foreign products sold in a domestic market, lower the GDP since they lower net exports.
Answer: b. Increases, decreasing
Explanation: For most companies, the web increases the threat that new competitors will enter the market by decreasing traditional barriers to entry. Traditional barriers to entry include
a. Economies of scale
b. Product differentiation
c. Capital requirements
d. Switching costs
e. Access to distribution channels
f. Cost disadvantages
g. Government policy
thus, by reducing some of these barriers to entry the Web increases the threat of new competition.
Answer:
a. Unity of direction
Explanation:
Unity of direction: In this principle, the direction of work is given by the higher authority with a view to achieving the organizational objective.
Division of work: In this principle, the work is divided between many subordinates/ employees, so that the task should be done in proper time and in an efficient & effective manner.
Scalar chain: This scalar chain represents the rank from high authority to low authority in a straight line so that proper communication/ cooperation can be done without any misunderstanding.
Unity of command: In this principle, the employees are responsible for only one person/ one supervisor/ one commander.
In the given scenario, the unity of direction principle applies as the board of directors wants to establish an independent business so that each domain objective can be achieved so that it becomes to accomplish the organizational objective.
The way economists would probably explain the wastage of
this clam resource is by saying that clams are free goods and are therefore
subject to the tragedy of the commons effect. The tragedy of the commons effect
is a theory in economics, postulated by the Victorian economist William Forster
Lloyd.
The tragedy of the commons effect describes a condition
within a shared-resource system where each user act freely according to their
own self-interest, but their collective actions ends in the depletion or spoilage
of that resource, thus having a negative impact on the common good of all users.
In this case, commons is taken to refer to the clam resources.
