In this reaction
ester is reduced to
aldehyde. Such reduction can not be achieved by reacting reducing agents like
LiAlH₄ because it will further reduce aldehydes to alcohols. So, in order to stop reduction at alddehyde, ester is reacted with bulky reducing agent, <span>
Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL) which works with same mechanism as that LiAlH</span>₄ do. It also add hydride to carbonyl group. The reaction is shown below,
For a 1st order reaction:
In(n/n0)= -k * (time difference)
so k= - In (n/n0)/ (t/t0)
n is concentration at time t and n0 is the concentration at an earlier time t0.
where k is constant.
Answer:
4 joules
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Explanation:
When you change the number of protons in an atom, you will change the atom from one element to a different element. Sometimes, when you add a proton to an element, the element will become radioactive. If you change the number of electrons in an atom, you will get an ion of the element.