When the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is higher than the Human Development Index (HDI), it indicates that the achievements in health, education and income aren't necessarily that high, and that it's better distributed. When the HDI is higher than the IHDI, it indicates that the achievements in health, education and income are higher than their distribution, that there is inequality for the sectors of the population that are benefited from those achievements.
Answer:
The answer is Gender tracking.
Explanation:
The concept of gender tracking was developed within gender studies to describe the differentiation of careers and academic fields on the function of gender. It has been discovered that academic fields are largely gendered, engineering and sciences such as physics or biology, have a higher rate of men and social and humanistic sciences have a higher rate of women. According to gender studies, this gender tracking is institutionalized and can begin as early as preschool. It lies on gender stereotypes and expectations, the belief that women's academic abilities are only suitable for certain types of careers and that those same careers can't be performed by men.
Gender tracking has many consequences for men and for women, but especially for women; it impacts social status, education and earning potential.
Answer:
The first West Africans to be converted were the inhabitants of the Sahara, the Berbers, and it is generally agreed that by the second half of the tenth century, the Sahara had become Dar al-Islam that is the country of Islam.
After the Berbers’ Islamization, the religion spread into the Western Sudan from the closing decades of the tenth century. First, Islam spread into the regions West of the Niger Bend (Senegambia, Mali), then into Chad region and finally into Hausa land.
Explanation:
Africa was the first continent, that Islam spread into out of Arabia in the early seventh century. Almost one-third of the world’s Muslim population resides today in the continent. It was estimated in 2002 that Muslims constitute 45% of the population of Africa. Islam has a large presence in North Africa, West Africa, the horn of Africa, the Southeast and among the minority but significant immigrant population in South Africa.
