Answer:
Correct answer is c. It is the final electron acceptor in the aerobic respiration.
Explanation:
Oxygen is a substrate of the aerobic respiration, but it is not the only one. Glucose is also a substrate.
Oxygen is used in the cells to be the final electron acceptor, this means that receives the electrons from NADH and FADH2. That is why, when there is no oxygen available for aerobic respiration, the NADH and FADH2 cannot be oxidized and therefore remain in their reduced form. As a consequence, they cannot be re-utilized during different cellular processes that are NAD+ and FAD dependant, such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and cellular respiration. This means that the ATP synthesis stops.
Oxygen itself does not transport any electrones, this are transported by the cytochrome complex in the mitochondrial membrane. But oxygen is key in receiving those electrones, therefore a very important piece of the electron transport across the mitochondria.
Answer:
Explanation:
The osmotic gradient in the kidney typically in the medulla is a process that generates urine that is 5 times more concentrated so as to reduce the loss of water from the body.
The countercurrent multiplication is a process that uses energy to produce the osmotic gradient in the kidney, this process facilitates the reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid. This mechanism moves the sodium chloride from the tubular fluid to the interstitial space of the kidneys. The osmotic gradient can be developed in two ways:
1. The single effect: This involves the transport of sodium chloride from the tubular fluid and moved to the ascending limb then finally to the interstitial fluid. As a result of this, the water moves passively down to the concentration gradient out of the tubular fluid than to the descending limb of the interstitial space, until the equilibrium is achieved.
2. Fluid flow method: The tubular fluid enters into the descending limb. This pushes the fluid into high osmolarity typically down the tube. This way the osmotic gradient develops.
Do you possess the ability to care for patients before the nurse accepts you? Do you have experience with the assigned patient types? Do you have the necessary cross-training to care for these patients if this is a "float assignment"? Exists a "buddy system" among employees who are familiar with the unit? Such inquiries ought to be made.
Nurses should actively promote patient safety, which requires them to be skilled in patient-centered care delivery and other issues that might degrade the standard and effectiveness of patient care (Browne et al., 2015).
In the ATI Case Study, the nurse should think about two key issues that will help advance the patient's general well-being. What are the key tasks and expectations for the assignment? should be the first question you ask. The purpose of this inquiry is to assist her better understanding the patient's requirements and to provide a baseline for assessing her capacity to deliver safe, high-quality treatment that is patient-centered. "Do I have the skill set to offer care and safety for this patient?" is the second query. The purpose of this inquiry is to enable the nurse to make an educated decision on whether to accept or reject the assignment.
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Newly graduated m.d.s choosing to specialize in internal medicine, family practice, or paediatrics require a three years residency program.
The length of your residency training is determined by the speciality you choose. The shortest residency programs are in primary care, while the longest is in surgery. Newly graduated m.d.s choosing to specialize in internal medicine, family practice, or paediatrics require a three years residency program.
Regardless of your residency program length, your sense of independence, responsibility, and autonomy grows with every year of residency until you are operating independently in your desired field by the close of your residency program. All residency areas of expertise also provide the option for additional specialization following residency, known as fellowship training.
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