Answer:
An ultra intense laser is one with which intensities greater than 1015 W cm-2 can be achieved.
Explanation:
This intensity, which was the upper limit of lasers until the invention of the Chirped Pulse Amplification, CPA technique, is the value around which nonlinear effects on the transport of radiation in materials begin to appear.
Currently, the most powerful lasers reach intensities of the order of 1021W cm-2 and powers of Petawatts, PW, in each pulse. This range of intensities has opened the door for lasers to a multitude of disciplines and scientific areas traditionally reserved for accelerators and nuclear reactors, applying as generators of high-energy electron, ion, neutron and photon beams, without the need for expensive infrastructure.
Answer:
I think it is difficult to determine what has caused climate change in the distant past because it must have been a long time ago so geologists can't carry out different experiments and figure out what gases the planet had conjured, so geologists can only make predictions based off the evidence they currently have from what the planet looked like before. The planet must have changed over the years, therefore the climate has also changed in the future, so they cannot work with how the planet looked in the past.
20.4 years is 20.4/10.2 = 2 half-life cycles, which means a quarter of the starting mass or 15.2 g will remain after this time.
Answer:
The fraction of the protons would have no electrons 
Explanation:
We are given that
Amoeba has total number of protons=
Net charge, Q=0.300pC
Electrons are fewer than protons=
We have to find the fraction of protons would have no electrons.
The fraction of the protons would have no electrons
=
The fraction of the protons would have no electrons
=
Hence, the fraction of the protons would have no electrons
Answer:
v’= 9.74 m / s
Explanation:
The Doppler effect is due to the relative movement of the sound source and the receiver of the sound, in this case we must perform the exercise in two steps, the first to find the frequency that the bat hears and then the frequency that the audience hears that also It is sitting.
Frequency shift heard by the murciela, in case the source is still and the observer (bat) moves closer
f₁ ’= f₀ (v + v₀)/v
Frequency shift emitted by the speaker in the bat, in this case the source is moving away from the observer (public sitting) that is at rest
f₂’= f₁’ v/(v - vs)
Note that in this case the bat is observant in one case and emitter in the other, called its velocity v’
v’= vo = vs
Let's replace
f₂’= f₀ (v + v’)/v v/(v -v ’)
f₂’= f₀ (v + v’) / (v -v ’)
(v –v’ ) f₂’ / f₀ = v + v ’
v’ (1+ f₂’ /f₀) = v (f₂’/fo - 1)
v’ (1 + 1.059) = 340 (1.059 - 1)
v’= 20.06 / 2.059
v’= 9.74 m / s
