<h3><u>CSMA/CD Protocol:
</u></h3>
Carrier sensing can transmit the data at anytime only the condition is before sending the data sense carrier if the carrier is free then send the data.
But the problem is the standing at one end of channel, we can’t send the entire carrier. Because of this 2 stations can transmit the data (use the channel) at the same time resulting in collisions.
There are no acknowledgement to detect collisions, It's stations responsibility to detect whether its data is falling into collisions or not.
<u>Example:
</u>
, at time t = 10.00 AM, A starts, 10:59:59 AM B starts at time 11:00 AM collision starts.
12:00 AM A will see collisions
Pocket Size to detect the collision.

CSMA/CD is widely used in Ethernet.
<u>Efficiency of CSMA/CD:</u>
- In the previous example we have seen that in worst case
time require to detect a collision.
- There could be many collisions may happen before a successful completion of transmission of a packet.
We are given number of collisions (contentions slots)=4.
Distance = 1km = 1000m

Answer:
1200KJ
Explanation:
The heat dissipated in the rotor while coming down from its running speed to zero, is equal to three times its running kinetic energy.
P (rotor-loss) = 3 x K.E
P = 3 x 300 = 900 KJ
After coming to zero, the motor again goes back to running speed of 1175 rpm but in opposite direction. The KE in this case would be;
KE = 300 KJ
Since it is in opposite direction, it will also add up to rotor loss
P ( rotor loss ) = 900 + 300 = 1200 KJ
Answer:
The primary piston activates one of the two subsystems. The hydraulic pressure created, and the force of the primary piston spring, moves the secondary piston forward.