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Andreyy89
2 years ago
12

According to VSEPR theory , in which fashion will the bonds and lone pairs of electrons be arranged about the central atom in th

e following molecules or molecular ions? (The VSEPR theory link may take a moment or two to load.) PO43- ion (The central atom is P.) H3O+ ion (The central atom is O.) AsF5 molecule (The central atom is As.)
Chemistry
1 answer:
Elina [12.6K]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal.

Explanation:

The VSPER theory states that the bonds of sharing electrons and the lone pairs of electrons will repulse as much as possible. So, by the repulsion, the molecule will have some shape.

In the ion PO₄³⁻, the central atom P has 5 electrons in its valence shell, so it needs 3 electrons to be stable. Oxygen has 6 electrons at the valence shell and needs 2 to be stable. 3 oxygens share 1 pair of electrons with P, and the two lone pair remaining in P is shared with the other O, then the central atom makes 4 bonds and has no lone pairs, the shape is tetrahedral.

In the ion H₃O⁺, the central atom O has 6 electrons in its valence shell and needs 2 electrons to be stable. The hydrogen has 1 electron, and need 1 more to be stable. The hydrogens share 1 pair of electrons with the oxygen, then it remains 3 electrons at the central atom, and the VSPER theory states that the shape will be a trigonal pyramidal.

In the AsF₅, the central atom As has 5 valence electrons, and F has 1 electron in its valence shell, so each F shares one pair of electrons with As, and there are no lone pairs in the central atom. For 5 bonds without lone pairs, the shape is trigonal bipyramidal.

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Ammonium hydroxide is neutralized by sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate and water. It will make ___ mol ammonium sulfate
Bingel [31]

Answer:

1) Ammonium hydroxide is neutralized by sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate and water. It will make 0.157 mol ammonium sulfate when you neutralize 11.00 g ammonium hydroxide.

2) 2NH₄OH + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2H₂O.

Explanation:

  • Firstly, we should balance the equation of heptane combustion.
  • We can balance the equation by applying the conservation of mass to the equation.
  • The balanced equation is: <em>2NH₄OH + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2H₂O.</em>
  • This means that every 2.0 moles of ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) will produce 1.0 mole of ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄ when it is neutralized by sulfuric acid.
  • We need to calculate the no. of moles in 11.0 g of ammonium hydroxide that is neutralized using the relation: <em>n = mass/molar mass. </em>

n of 11.0 g of ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) = mass/molar mass = (11.0 g)/(35.04 g/mol) = 0.314 mol.

<u><em>Using cross multiplication: </em></u>

2.0 moles of NH₄OH make → 1.0 mole of (NH₄)₂SO₄.

0.314 mol of NH₄OH make → ??? moles of (NH₄)₂SO₄.

∴ The no. of moles of (NH₄)₂SO₄ that will be made from neutralizing (11.0 g) of NH₄OH = (0.314 mol)(1.0 mol)/(2.0 mol) = 0.157 mol.

<em>∴ Ammonium hydroxide is neutralized by sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate and water. It will make </em><em>0.157</em><em> mol ammonium sulfate when you neutralize 11.00 g ammonium hydroxide.</em>

3 0
3 years ago
Rank the following molecules (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) in the order that they melt.
Daniel [21]

Sodium chloride has the highest melting point while iodine has the least melting point.

The melting points of solid substances depends on the nature of intermolecular forces that exists in the substance. The stronger the magnitude of intermolecular forces in a substance, the higher its melting point.

The order of melting points of the solids shown in question is as follows;

  • 1st - Sodium chloride
  • 2nd - sucrose
  • 3rd - paraffin
  • 4th - Iodine

Sodium chloride has the highest melting points because it is an ionic substance. Among the molecular sucrose and paraffin, sucrose has a higher melting point than sucrose because it has a greater molar mass. Iodine, a molecular substance has the least molar mass and the least melting point in the list.

Learn more: brainly.com/question/25777663

6 0
2 years ago
What is the half-life of 20 g of a radioactive sample if 5 g remain after 8 minutes?
Anni [7]

Hello!

The half-life is the time of half-disintegration, it is the time in which half of the atoms of an isotope disintegrate.

We have the following data:

mo (initial mass) = 20 g

m (final mass after time T) = 5 g

x (number of periods elapsed) = ?

P (Half-life) = ? (in minutes)

T (Elapsed time for sample reduction) = 8 minutes

Let's find the number of periods elapsed (x), let us see:

m =  \dfrac{m_o}{2^x}

5 =  \dfrac{20}{2^x}

2^x = \dfrac{20}{5}

2^x = 4

2^x = 2^2

\boxed{x = 2}


Now, let's find the half-life (P) of the radioactive sample, let's see:

T = x*P

8 = 2*P

2\:P = 8

P = \dfrac{8}{2}

\boxed{\boxed{P = 4\:minutes}}\Longleftarrow(Half-Life)\end{array}}\qquad\checkmark

I Hope this helps, greetings ... DexteR! =)

5 0
2 years ago
The pressure on a 200 milliliter sample of CO2 (g) at constant temperature is increased from
balu736 [363]

The answer for the following problem is mentioned below.

  • <u><em>Therefore the final volume of the gas is 100 ml.</em></u>

Explanation:

 Given:

Initial pressure (P_{1}) = 600 mm of Hg

Final pressure (P_{2}) = 1200 mm of Hg

Initial volume (V_{1}) = 200 ml      

To find:

Final volume (V_{2})

We know;

According to the ideal gas equation,

    P × V = n × R × T

Where;

P represents the pressure of the gas

V represents the volume of the gas

n represents the no of moles of the gas

R represents the universal gas constant

T represents the temperature of the gas

So,

 From the above mentioned equation,

        P × V = constant

\frac{P_{1} }{P_{2} } = \frac{V_{1} }{V_{2} }

Where,

(P_{1}) represents the initial pressure of the gas

(P_{2}) represents the final pressure of the gas

(V_{1})  represents the initial volume of the gas

(V_{2})  represents the final volume of the gas

So;

\frac{600}{1200} = \frac{V_{2} }{200}    

V_{2} = 100 ml

<u><em>Therefore the final volume of the gas is 100 ml.</em></u>                                                                                                                                                                              

5 0
3 years ago
An ice cube has a mass of 25 grams. The ice cube is placed in a glass and melts. What is TRUE about the ice cube? A) The melted
masya89 [10]
The answer is C. Hope this helped
4 0
3 years ago
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