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Andreyy89
2 years ago
12

According to VSEPR theory , in which fashion will the bonds and lone pairs of electrons be arranged about the central atom in th

e following molecules or molecular ions? (The VSEPR theory link may take a moment or two to load.) PO43- ion (The central atom is P.) H3O+ ion (The central atom is O.) AsF5 molecule (The central atom is As.)
Chemistry
1 answer:
Elina [12.6K]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal.

Explanation:

The VSPER theory states that the bonds of sharing electrons and the lone pairs of electrons will repulse as much as possible. So, by the repulsion, the molecule will have some shape.

In the ion PO₄³⁻, the central atom P has 5 electrons in its valence shell, so it needs 3 electrons to be stable. Oxygen has 6 electrons at the valence shell and needs 2 to be stable. 3 oxygens share 1 pair of electrons with P, and the two lone pair remaining in P is shared with the other O, then the central atom makes 4 bonds and has no lone pairs, the shape is tetrahedral.

In the ion H₃O⁺, the central atom O has 6 electrons in its valence shell and needs 2 electrons to be stable. The hydrogen has 1 electron, and need 1 more to be stable. The hydrogens share 1 pair of electrons with the oxygen, then it remains 3 electrons at the central atom, and the VSPER theory states that the shape will be a trigonal pyramidal.

In the AsF₅, the central atom As has 5 valence electrons, and F has 1 electron in its valence shell, so each F shares one pair of electrons with As, and there are no lone pairs in the central atom. For 5 bonds without lone pairs, the shape is trigonal bipyramidal.

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A chemist has synthesized two new dyes based on the molecular structure of plant-based dyes. The lowest energy absorption line f
Nimfa-mama [501]

Answer:

1. The dye that absorbs at 530 nm.

Explanation:

The dye will absorb light to promote the transition of an electron from the HOMO to the LUMO orbital.

The higher the gap, the higher the energy of transition. The energy can be calculated by E = hc/λ, in which h and c are constants and λ is the wavelength.

The equation shows that the higher the energy, the higher the gap and the lower the wavelength.

Therefore, the dye with absorption at 530 nm has the higher HOMO-LUMO gap.

8 0
3 years ago
The cell membrane is<br> a)semi permeable<br> b)selectively permeable
likoan [24]

Answer:

A. Semi Permeable.

Explanation:

Cell membranes are semi permeable.

7 0
1 year ago
Codons.
andrey2020 [161]

Answer:

1. C- Three.

2. A- Methionine

3. D- Translocation.

4. C- OH.

5. A - 5'

6. A - 3' carbon

7. A. adenine and guanine

Explanation:

1. A codon is a group of three nucleotide sequence that encodes or specifies an amino acid. This means that, during translation (second stage of gene expression), when a CODON is read, an amino acid is added to the growing peptide chain.

2. The codon that initiates the translation process is called a start codon. It has a sequence: AUG and it specifies Methionine amino acid. Hence, during translation where a tRNA binds to the mRNA codon to read it and add its corresponding amino acid, a tRNA with a complementary sequence of AUG (start codon) binds to it and carries Methionine amino acid.

3. Translocation is a process during translation whereby the mRNA-tRNA moeity moves forward in the ribosome to allow another codon to move into the vacant site for translation process to continue.

4. The sugar component of a nucelotide that makes up the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) i.e. ribose or deoxyribose, contains an hydroxyll functional group (-OH).

5. A nucleotide consists of a pentose (five carbon) sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The phosphate group (PO43-) is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule.

6. The free hydroxyll group (-OH) of the five carbon sugar molecule in DNA is attached to its 3' carbon.

7. Nitrogenous bases are the third component of a nucleotide, the other two being pentose sugar and phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are four viz: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. These bases are classified into Purines and Pyrimidines based on the similarity in their structure. Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are Purines because they possess have two carbon-nitrogen rings, as opposed to one possessed by Pyrimidines (Thymine and Cytosine).

7 0
3 years ago
Draw the alkyl bromide(s) you would use in a malonic ester synthesis of ethyl 3-methylbutanoate.
Gennadij [26K]

The structure of the alkyl bromides used in a malonic ester synthesis of ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate.

Ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate by Malonic ester synthesis.

The alkylation of diethyl malonate or a related ester of malonic acid at the carbon alpha (immediately next) to both carbonyl groups, followed by conversion to a substituted acetic acid, characterizes the chemical reaction known as the malonic ester synthesis.

As a result, it is evident from the structure of ethyl 2-methyl-4-pentenoate that ethyl and methyl bromides are the alkyl bromides employed.

To learn more about Malonic ester synthesis refer here:

brainly.com/question/17237043

#SPJ4

4 0
1 year ago
What is the mass of the beaker plus water
grigory [225]
To find the mass of the water, you will first need to find the mass of a dry 100 mL beaker.-------51.377g 
<span>Next, find the mass of the 100 mL beaker containing your water sample. ------------------------ 101.23g  hope this helps :()</span>
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