d. Stirring using a spoon increases causes the solutes to come more in contact with solvent and easy reduction in temperature.
e. Reaction rates increases with increase in temperature.
f. A supersaturated solution
Explanation:
For d:
Stirring of the tea using a spoon will cause the dissolution of sugar in the tea faster. This helps to expose more surface area of the particles to the action of the solvent. Through stirring, more heat can also be easily lost. The spoon goes in between the flowing liquid which allows for heat trying to be trapped to eventually escape.
- Reactions increases when more surface area is available for the solute contact with the solvent.
- Using a spoon to stir the mixture will further enhance the rate of the reaction. More of the solute will freely come into close contact with the solvent and dissolution will proceed much faster.
For e:
The rate of chemical reactions is directly proportional to increase in temperature. It is quite known that for every 10°C rise in temperature, reaction rates will double.
- increase in temperature causes the kinetic energy of the of each of the reacting particles to increase.
- the frequency of collision increases due to the increasing temperature.
For f:
A supersaturated solution is a solution that contains more of the solute than it normally hold at that temperature if crystals of the solute were present. This kind of solution is quite unstable.
- The normal saturated solution is for a cup of tea to dissolve 700g of sugar. A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum amount of substance that it can dissolve at that temperature.
- If the amount of sugar exceeds the normal amount, then a super-saturated solution is formed.
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