Answer:
Catapult on the ground: Normal, gravity
Catapult (I'm assuming launching marshmallow): Reaction of Force Applied
Marshmallow: Force Applied
Explanation:
This is the forces that act on a stationary object and a launched object. The catapult may also experience a force friction if your teacher is taking a more practical sense.
Answer:

Explanation:
Since <em>light is so fast</em> we can assume no time passes between the lightning strikes and we observe it. We want to know then how far away did the strike occur for the sound to take 16s to reach our ears. Since the definition of velocity tells us that
, we can write 
In a velocity-time graph, the area under the curve represents the distance.
The distance traveled from 10s to 18 s is

Final Answer: The distance traveled is 40 m from time 10 s to 18 s.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Energy is lost in the form of friction/heat/sound
you cannot get more work out of a machine than you put into it.