According to my guesses, he should have swung the pendulam bob and noted its time period. In order to observe the effect of mass, he would have repeated the experiment with varied pendulam bobs. Hope this helped!
The answer to your question is hypothesis
A pulley ,it the same concept is used to raise an elevator
The genetic material is identical in asexual reproduction- in order for organisms to be strong they need variety so if a disease comes, some of the species may be able to fight it off because of their varied genetics
