In modern biology, there are three approaches to classifying organisms: systematics, cladistics and molecular evolutionary taxonomy. They are all based on organisms' relation to each other, but use different indicators to assign the degree of relationship
<u>Answer:</u> The magnitude rating for an earthquake causing an amplitude 10,000,000 times
is 7.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Richter scale is defined as the scale which expresses the magnitude of earthquake on the basis of the seismograph oscillations.
The equation used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake on Richter scale is:

where
I = amplitude registered on seismograph 100 km away from seismic center = 
= small amplitude
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Hence, the magnitude rating for an earthquake causing an amplitude 10,000,000 times
is 7.
24.6 ℃
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reacts by the following equation:

which is equivalent to

The question states that the second equation has an enthalpy, or "heat", of neutralization of
. Thus the combination of every mole of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in solution would produce
or
of energy.
500 milliliter of a 0.50 mol per liter "M" solution contains 0.25 moles of the solute. There are thus 0.25 moles of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the two 0.500 milliliter solutions, respectively. They would combine to release
of energy.
Both the solution and the calorimeter absorb energy released in this neutralization reaction. Their temperature change is dependent on the heat capacity <em>C</em> of the two objects, combined.
The question has given the heat capacity of the calorimeter directly.
The heat capacity (the one without mass in the unit) of water is to be calculated from its mass and <em>specific</em> heat.
The calorimeter contains 1.00 liters or
of the 1.0 gram per milliliter solution. Accordingly, it would have a mass of
.
The solution has a specific heat of
. The solution thus have a heat capacity of
. Note that one degree Kelvins K is equivalent to one degree celsius ℃ in temperature change measurements.
The calorimeter-solution system thus has a heat capacity of
, meaning that its temperature would rise by 1 degree celsius on the absorption of 4.634 × 10³ joules of energy.
are available from the reaction. Thus, the temperature of the system shall have risen by 3.03 degrees celsius to 24.6 degrees celsius by the end of the reaction.
When potassium chromate dissolves in water, the ions that are produced are potassium and chromate.
This can be expressed as follows:
Potassium chromate in water will give the following ions:
<span>2K+ + CrO4^2- </span>
Answer:
Explanation:
The chemical reaction of the well-balanced equation is as follows:

The aforementioned reaction's ionic equation is:

From above; Na⁺ and Cl⁻ appear on both sides;
Hence, the net ionic equation is:
