The concentration of 
in the stack gas = 12 ppmv
That means 12 L of is present per 
The given temperature is 273 K (0 C) and pressure is 1 atm. At these conditions, 1 mol of gas would occupy,
V = 22.4 L
1 mol 
occupies 22.4 L
Moles of 
= 
Mass of =
=
μg
Converting 
:
= 
Calculating the concentration in μg/
:
Yes it is always changing, as time moves on new technological advancements are made. This makes it possible for new ideas to be created. For example the depiction of an atom went through many stages throughout the years in order to find out our current final version. New scientists and new ideas can add on to older ones, making explanations that make more scientific sense.
Pioneer Species is a community that has reached a stable stage of ecological succession.
