Answer:
(-) sense single-stranded RNA
Explanation:
Negative sense refers to viruses that use the negative sense single stranded RNA as their genetic material.
It is essential for the negative viral strand is complimentary to the mRNA so it is converted to a positive RNA by RNA polymerase.
Negative sense single stranded RNA virus require an RNA dependent RNA polymerase for transcription. This is because it essential in encoding proteins by catalyzing the complimentary RNA strand to the given RNA tempelate.
Answer:
a. is converted to NAD+ by an enzyme called dehydrogenase
Explanation:
The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is the final step that oxidized NADH and FADH2. These reducing powers are formed during glycolysis and Kreb's cycle. Complex I of the electron transport chain present in the inner mitochondria membrane is NADH dehydrogenase. This protein complex accepts electrons from NADH and oxidizes it into NAD+. NADH dehydrogenase couples oxidation of NADH with the pumping of proton towards the intermembrane space.
Answer: (B) Pre-zygotic; post-zygotic.
Explanation:
Prezygotic isolation occurs before fertilization of eggs. It occurs between the two sex gametes and deter sexual reproduction between different species.
However, individuals are considered to be diverge on the phylogeny tree and different species, when they cannot reproduce.
Mechanisms of prezygotic isolation include habitat isolation, gamete isolation, mechanical isolation, behavioral isolation, and mating seasons.
Whereas, postzygotic isolation prevents the formation of fertile offspring. This phenomenon leads to production of an hybrid offspring from different species and this is a form of speciation in nature.
Mechanisms of postzygotic isolation include hybrid inviability, hybrid breakdown, and hybrid sterility.
There are both physical and biological limiting factors found in nature.
-Physical factors (abiotic factors) include temperature, water availability, oxygen, salinity, light, food and nutrients.
-Biological factors (biotic factors) involve interactions between organisms such as predation, competition, parasitism and
herbivory.
Living things cannot live without eachother due to the food chain, if an animal loses it's food so will his predator and so on. Soon they will end up extinct, this is why it's important to take care of animals.
