Answer:
This article examines the effects of authoritarian populism on civil society ... We outline a selection of coping strategies used by organized civil ... In the late 1990s, civil society was highly involved in contesting the ... Started by a subset of CSOs in Ecuador, it not only represents a formalized response but
Answer:
Market share liability
Explanation:
To understand the doctrine of market share liability, it is important to first know the meaning of market share itself.
Market share refers to the percentage of the overall sales of a particular industry that is generated by a company. It calculated by dividing the total sales of the firm during a specified period by the aggregate sales of the industry during the same period. This gives an idea what the size of a company is compared with its competitors in the industry.
From the question, market share of BDC for that drug i Ohio is believed to be 40% when the mother of the plaintiff was taking it.
Market share liability is a legal doctrine unique to the law of the U.S. which gives an opportunity to a plaintiff who sustained an injury from a fungible product to establish a prima facie case against the product based on the market share of the manufacturers of that product, regardless of whether or not knows the actual producer of the product.
Therefore, the state of the plaintiff follows the doctrine of market share liability if he is able to collect $40,000 which from BDC out of the $100,000.
Note:
The $40,000 is obtained after applying 40% market share of BDC to the $100,000 total damages.
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Answer:
Federal Judges are appointed for life because that is how it was written into the US Constitution. ... The writers of the Constitution gave federal judges job security because they wanted judges to be able to decide cases free from public or political pressures.
The will be first heard at a trial court.
The trial courts of a U.S. federal judiciary are the district courts. Every federal judicial district, each of which covers one U.S. state or, in certain cases, a portion of a state, has one district court. There is minimum one courthouse for every district court, but many districts have much more than one. Decisions of district courts may be appealed to a U.S. court of appeals again for relevant circuit.
District courts have jurisdiction over both civil and criminal issues and thus are court of law, justice, and admiralty. Federal district courts, in contrast to American state courts, have a narrower scope of jurisdiction and are only able to hear cases involving conflicts between citizens of different states, issues of federal law, and federal offences.
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Explanation:
Citizen participation
More and more people are taking the initiative to make their local neighbourhood more liveable, for instance by helping to maintain playgrounds or green spaces. As a result, the relationship between government and society is changing.
Citizen participation
Many people feel a sense of commitment to their neighbourhood and are actively involved in activities to improve the quality of life there. This is called ‘citizen participation’. For example, local residents engage in voluntary work, organise litter-clearing campaigns, set up collectives to purchase solar panels or form local care cooperatives. They may also be involved in the decision-making about the municipal budget.
Government participation
As local residents become more involved in public life, the role of government needs to adapt and take greater account of initiatives in the community. This is called 'government participation'. It means local authorities playing a more supportive role, for instance by providing facilities or making them available. In addition, municipalities can use neighbourhood budgets to help residents get things done in their area.
Do-ocracy: new ways for citizens and government to work together
Active citizens don't want the government to provide standard solutions for everything. They prefer a tailor-made approach and authorities that think along with them. So citizens and government are devising new ways of relating to each other and working together – in what is often called a 'do-ocracy'. Central government is keen to promote and support this form of democratic collaboration.
Government support for citizen participation
The government can support citizen participation in various ways, for instance by abolishing unnecessary rules and regulations wherever possible. Like the complex application procedures volunteers sometimes have to contend with to obtain funding for their activities.
