It requires 60 mL of 0.20 M sodium hydroxide 
to neutralize 25 mL of carbonic acid 
, hence the carbonate ions concentration is 
.
Given:
Reaction:
volume 
Volume 
Molarity 
moles 
moles 
To find:
Molarity 
Solution:
Using the neutralization reaction:
Calculating the 
:
Therefore, the concentration of carbonic acid is "0.24M".
Learn more about the concentration:
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Explanation:
According to Bronsted-Lowry an acid is defined as the specie which is able to donate hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
For example, 
On the other hand, bases are the species which are able to donate hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
For example, 
A specie which is able to accept a hydrogen atom and also able to donate a hydroxide ion will act as both acid and a base.
For example, 
is able to donate a hydroxide ion and simultaneously can accept a hydrogen ion.
In 
, the hydrogen atoms are strongly held together by the carbon atoms due to the small electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen atom. Hence, it will be a weak acid.
On the other hand, 
can loose a hydrogen atom or it can also gain a hydroxyl group. This is due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen atom.
Thus, we can conclude that following compounds are classified as follows.
- - can be both acid and base
- - very weak acid
- - can be both acid and base
The answer is organisms, oxidation & water. Organisms such as plants have their roots penetrate the cracks in the rocks. As the roots grow and become bigger they put mechanical pressure on the rocks and the cracks increase in size and the rocks are split. Additionally, organisms secrete organic acids, as wastes, that chemically react with minerals in the rocks hence causing weathering.
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that changes the property of minerals by makes them prone to weathering. An example is the oxidation of iron in the rocks to iron III oxide which is brittle.
Water participates in chemical reaction by dissolving minerals, such as limestone (CaCO3) from the rock hence leaving the rock porous and more predisposed to physical weathering agents.
Answer:
4.6 × 10²³ molecules:
Step-by-step solution
You will need a balanced equation with masses, moles, and molar masses, so let's gather the information in one place:
M_r: 22.99
2Na + 2H₂O ⟶ 2NaOH + H₂
m/g: 35
1. Calculate the <em>moles of Na
</em>
Moles of Na = 35 g Na × (1 mol Na/22.99 g Na)
Moles of Na = 1.52 mol Na
2. Calculate the <em>moles of H₂
</em>
Moles of H₂ = 1.52 mol Na × (1 mol H₂/2 mol Na)
Moles of H₂= 0.761 mol H₂
3. Calculate the molecules of H₂
6.022 × 10²³ molecules H₂ = 1 mol H₂
Molecules of H₂ = 0.761 × (6.022 × 10²³
/1)
Molecules of H₂ = 4.6 × 10²³ molecules H₂
The reaction forms 4.6 × 10²³ molecules of H₂.
