The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
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Answer:
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Protostomes develop a mouth first followed by the anus. Deuterostomes are the opposite.
Answer:
Serovars
Explanation:
Serovars refer to the different strains of a species of microbe that differ from each other with respect to the antigenic composition of a specific structure such as polysaccharides of the cell wall. Serovars are identified suing appropriate antiserum.
For example, the bacterial species <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> have as many as 90 serovars that differ from each other with respect to antigens present in their capsules. These different serovars are identified by using antiserum for specific capsular types which in turn would induce capsular swelling.
