Hey there,
Your question states: <span>How did the calculation of pi help mathematicians during the Gupta period?
My best guess that I would give would be the option B. </span><span>
The value of pi helped them explain that Earth is a rotating sphere. Because they used the </span>

to help them, just as we use that in math.
Hope this helps.
~Jurgen
The correct answer is letter B.
Explanation: For Robert Merton, anomie is a state of aimlessness and loss of identity. A theory of anomie embedded in the so-called functionalist theories, which considers a society as an organic whole.
Answer: Option(b) is correct
Explanation:
According to the concept of Malthus and Marx , they had different opinions and ideas for source of poverty , misery, overpopulation and other social aspect in society. Malthus believed that poverty and low food supply, hunger are caused by overpopulation and Marx stated that these situations are result of capitalist economy.
Other options are incorrect because theories generation by combining, didn't have similar beliefs and did not concern severeness in issue of overpopulation, social poverty etc.Thus, the correct option is option(b).