Do you know what is meant by needed? does it mean lone pairs?
Answer:
Gas, has no shape but does take up volume
The traditional calcium atom has twenty protons and twenty electrons making it neutral.
The calcium in the pic is a calcium ion so the number of protons and electrons are not equivalent.
Since it's 2+ that means the ion is positively charged and for that to happen electrons are away.
So 20-2=18
There are 18 electrons
<u>Answer:</u> The outermost valence electron enters the p orbital.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Valence electrons are defined as the electrons which are present in outer most orbital of an atom.
Sulfur is the 16th element of the periodic table having 16 electrons.
Electronic configuration of sulfur atom is 
The number of valence electrons are 2 + 4 = 6
These 6 electrons enter s-orbital and p-orbital but the outermost valence electron will enter the p-orbital.
Hence, the outermost valence electron enters p orbital.
The molar mass of nitrogen is 14.0067amu or just 14amu.